The other day, I heard an NPR news report about the growing concern over the black market for organ donations.
The reality is that there are far more people who need life saving transplants than there are organs for them.
If no family or friend is an immunological match (or willing to be a donor), then the patient must wait for someone who dies who has indicated their desire to be an organ donor and who is an immunologically compatible donor. While on these waiting lists some will die.
The news item said that there is a growing black market for organs and the discussion is beginning about making the whole process legal and fully transparent.
Being an organ donor is not a simple thing. As good as medical technology is, it is not risk free for the donor. In estimating how much a donor would be paid, the report said the following factors need to be considered: How much medical care the donor will need in making the donation and in possible future medical expenses? How much in lost wages will the donor incur for participating? How much additional money should be provided for them to do the donation since they are not "giving" the organ to a family member or friend?
One of the persons being interviewed said this, right now, if I wanted to, I could go out and sell my eggs to a couple who want children. I could also "rent" out my womb because I've had children in the past and my womb "works." This is completely legal in America. People can debate whether it is moral but it is totally legal. So why not make the selling of organs legal?
My gut reaction to listening to this news story is revulsion. There just seems to me something viscerally wrong with auctioning eggs and renting out wombs and selling organs.
We allow people to sell their blood for making medically important products.
For instance, there is
Rh hemolytic disease when the baby inside mom is Rh+ and mom is Rh-. The mom could develop antibodies to the baby's Rh+ blood which in turn destroys the baby's blood and causes the baby problems.
To counter act this, an Rh- mom can receive a small amount of antibodies to Rh+ collected from donor blood which is bought in the free market to manufacture these products. These exogenous Rh+ antibodies destroy the small number of the baby's Rh+ blood that has mixed with mom thus preventing the mom from mounting a full scale immunological attack on the Rh+ blood from baby.
This seems to me to be completely legal and moral.
But what is the moral difference between selling blood and buying organs, renting out a womb or putting a woman's eggs on the free market for childless couples?
And now, there is the embryonic stem cells research issue. Advocates say, there are all these frozen embryos left over from in vitro fertilization, why not use them for research? They are going to either decay in storage or be thrown out. Why not use them for research?
Most people think, okay, makes sense. But, my guts are wobbling. It doesn't sit right with me.
Let's say the research proves moderately successful. Let's say the collection of left over embryos are running out. Researchers then are in the position of having to say, well, we need more, we are THIS CLOSE to a breakthrough, we need more embryos. At that point, we will be faced with people deliberately going to IVF clinics to generate embryos to donate them to be consumed by research or paying people to donate sperm and eggs to make embryos to destroy them for the progress of research.
My gut reaction to this scenario is revulsion.
Is there or is there not a moral difference between:
1) paying for blood for medical products
2) paying for organs for transplantation
3) paying for eggs for childless couples
4) paying for a womb for a childless couple who can't carry their own to term
5) paying for embryos for research?
Currently 1, 3 and 4 are legal.
Some people will say all 5 should be legal and consider all 5 moral.
Some will say all 5 should be legal but may consider some immoral and acknowledge that not all legal things are moral.
My "guts" send a steady "red light" with 4 and 5. My "guts" have a "yellow light" with 2 and 3. And my "guts" give me a "green light" on 1.
Am I wrong?
And why are my "guts" telling me different things while others are giving a green light to all 5 things?
UPDATE:
Dr. Sally Satel is a resident scholar at AEI and she is getting a kidney from her friend,
Virginia Postrel, a blogger I read fairly regularly. Surgery is scheduled for Saturday, March 4. All the best to both of them!